Literate Culture and Tenth-century Canaan: The Tel Zayit Abecedary in Context

On the final day of the 2005 excavation at Tel Zayit, archaeologists discovered a heavy limestone boulder with a large, bowl-shaped hollow ground into one side and two lines of alphabetic writing incised into the other side. This inscription was recognized to be an abecedary containing all the letters of the Canaanite alphabet—the most substantial abecedary found thus far in a stratified 10th-century archaeological context in Israel. It evinces the linear alphabetic script of the central and southern Canaanite interior at the beginning of the first millennium B.C.E.
The essays in this book grew out of papers presented at the 2007 annual meeting of the American Schools of Oriental Research. In them, the contributors situate the archaeological, geographical, and social context of Tel Zayit and discuss the paleography of the script. They also offer insightful analysis regarding the possible extent of literacy and education in ancient Israel and comment on the degree to which scribal culture may have contributed to the process of state formation.